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11.
Xiong Jinghua Wang Zhaoli Guo Shenglian Wu Xushu Yin Jiabo Wang Jun Lai Chengguang Gong Qiangjun 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(1):507-522
Natural Hazards - The U.S. 2020 hurricane season was extraordinary because of a record number of named storms coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study draws lessons on how individual... 相似文献
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贵州罗甸纳庆剖面是竞争谢尔普霍夫阶底界全球界线层型剖面和点位的最有力候选剖面之一.纳饶剖面紧邻纳庆剖面,是其辅助剖面.纳饶剖面维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶(Viséan-Serpukhovian)界线层段的牙形刺生物地层已经初步建立,可与纳庆剖面直接对比.纳饶剖面V/S界线位于41.8 m处,是以牙形刺演化谱系L.nodosa-L.ziegleri中L.ziegleri的首现来定义的.本研究报道了这一界线层段的有孔虫化石.界线附近共识别出有孔虫23属28种,建立了两个有孔虫带,自下而上分别是Asteroarchaediscus rugosus带和Janischewskina delicata带.A.rugosus带是维宪最晚期的有孔虫带.J.delicata带是谢尔普霍夫初期的有孔虫带,以44 m处J.delicata的首现为标志.纳饶剖面V/S界线2.2 m内同时出现了谢尔普霍夫阶底界标志性的牙形刺和有孔虫,为该界线附近牙形刺和有孔虫的对比提供了重要依据. 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - The wind wave erosion is one of the main factors of the soil bank slope retreat in plain irrigation reservoirs, which plays an important role in the bank profile evolution and... 相似文献
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The run‐off volume altered by the construction of hydropower plants affects ecohydrological processes in catchments. Although the impacts of large hydropower plants have been well documented in the literature, few studies have been conducted on the impacts of small cascaded hydropower plants (SCHPs). To evaluate the impacts of SCHPs on river flow, we chose a representative basin affected by hydropower projects and, to a lesser degree, by other human activities, that is, the Qiuxiang River basin in Southern China. The observed river discharge and climate data during the period of 1958–2016 were investigated. The datasets were divided into a low‐impact period and a high‐impact period based on the number of SCHPs and the capacities of the reservoirs. The daily river discharge alteration was assessed by applying the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration. To separate the impact of the SCHPs on the local river discharge from that of climate‐related precipitation, the back‐propagation neural network was used to simulate the monthly average river discharge process. An abnormal result was found: Unlike large reservoirs in large watersheds, the SCHPs regulated the flows during the flood season but were not able to mitigate the droughts during the dry season due to their limited storage and the commonly occurring inappropriate interregulations of the SCHPs. The SCHPs also reduced the annual average river discharge in the research basin. The contribution of the SCHPs to the river discharge changes was 85.37%, much higher than the contributions of climate change (13.43%) and other human activities (1.20%). The results demonstrated that the impacts of the SCHPs were different from those of large dams and reservoirs that regulate floods and relieve droughts. It is necessary to raise the awareness of the impacts of these river barriers. 相似文献
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Watershed delineation is a required step when conducting any spatially distributed hydrological modelling. Automated approaches are often proposed to delineate a watershed based on a river network extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM) using the deterministic eight‐neighbour (D8) method. However, a realistic river network cannot be derived from conventional DEM processing methods for a large flat area with a complex network of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and polders, referred to as a plain river network region (PRNR). In this study, a new approach, which uses both hydrographic features and DEM, has been developed to address the problems of watershed delineation in PRNR. It extracts the river nodes and determines the flow directions of the river network based on a vector‐based hydrographic feature data model. The river network, lakes, reservoirs, and polders are then used to modify the flow directions of grid cells determined by D8 approach. The watershed is eventually delineated into four types of catchments including lakes, reservoirs, polders, and overland catchments based on the flow direction matrix and the location of river nodes. Multiple flow directions of grid cells are represented using a multi‐direction encoding method, and multiple outflows of catchments are also reflected in the topology of catchments. The proposed approach is applied to the western Taihu watershed in China. Comparisons between the results obtained from the D8 approach, the ‘stream burning’ approach, and those from the proposed approach clearly demonstrate an improvement of the new approach over the conventional approaches. This approach will benefit the development of distributed hydrological models in PRNR for the consideration of different types and multiple inlets and outlets of catchments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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